محافظه‌گرایی پدیداری: توجیه معرفتی از طریق به نظر رسیدن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 . دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه دین دانشگاه تهران، پردیس فارابی

2 دانشیار گروه فلسفه دانشگاه تهران، پردیس فارابی

3 . استاد گروه فلسفه دانشگاه تهران، پردیس فارابی؛

چکیده

محافظه­ گرایی پدیداری، رویکردی در توجیه معرفت­شناساسانه است که با تکیه بر «به‌نظر رسیدن» و «پدیدار»، تلاش دارد نظریه­ای برای توجیه درونی و غیراستباطیِ حداقل برخی از باورهای انسان را فراهم آورد. بر این اساس توجیه و عدم توجیه، رابطه­ای مستقیم با وضعیت ذهنی عامل معرفتی دارد. ایده­ی مرکزی این نظریه این است که اگر چیزی برای یک عامل معرفتی صادق به نظر بیاید، و هیچ دلیلی نیز وجود نداشته باشد که آن چیز آنگونه که به نظر می­آید نیست، آن عامل معرفتی در باور به آن امر، حداقل به میزانی، دارای توجیه و عقلانیت است. ما در این مقاله، با نگرشی همدلانه، این دیدگاه نوین را تقریر کرده و تلاش خواهیم کرد علاوه بر تبیین مولفه‌های اصلی آن، که مهم­ترین آن تبیین «به نظر رسیدن» به عنوان یک وضعیت ذهنی التفاتی دارای ویژگی پدیداری خاص است، مهم­ترین نقدهای وارد شده بر محافظه­گرایی پدیداری را پاسخ دهیم و نشان دهیم که این دیدگاه، دیدگاهی قابل توجه در توجیه و عقلانیت باورهای معرفتی به شمار می­آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Phenomenal Conservatism: Epistemic Justification by Seemings

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kazem Raghebi 1
  • Mansour Nasiri 2
  • Mohammad MohammadRezaie 3
1 PhD Candidate in Philosophy of Religion at University of Tehran
2 Associate professor at university of Tehran
3 Professor at University of Tehran;
چکیده [English]

Phenomenal Conservatism is an approach to epistemological justification that, based on "appearances" and "seemings" and in line with the theory of common sense epistemology, attempt to set up an internal and non-inferential justification, at least for some kind of beliefs. According to this view, justification and non-justification have a direct relationship with the mental state of the agent. Based on this assumption that “Things are as they seem”, phenomenal conservatism offers its central idea that if, for an agent, something seems to be true -and there is no defeater for that until doubting in - that agent thereby has at least some justification for believing that. In this article, we will interpret this new approach with an empathetic attitude and, in addition to explaining its main components, we will effort to answer the most important objections of phenomenal conservatism and show that this view is a significant approach to the justification and rationality of human beliefs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phenomenal Conservatism
  • Non-inferential justification
  • Internalism
  • Common sense
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