دفاع از روان‌گرایی در چیستی شاهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه، پردیس فارابی، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشیار گروه فلسفه دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

یکی از مفاهیم مهم در معرفت‌شناسی، مفهوم شاهد است. شاهد دلیلی است که نشان‌دهندۀ صدقِ گزاره­ای است که متعلقِ گرایش باوری شناسا است. در این مقاله می­خواهیم به چیستی شاهد بپردازیم. سه دیدگاه مهم در مورد چیستی شاهد وجود دارد: روان­گرایی، گزاره‌گرایی واقع‌نما و گزاره‌گرایی غیرواقع‌نما. در این مقاله، پس از طرح و بررسیِ ادلۀ دیدگاه­های سه‌گانه در چیستی شاهد، به این نظر رسیدیم که ادلۀ قوی‌تری به نفعِ روان­گرایی وجود دارد و استدلال­هایِ گزاره‌گرایان تمام نیست؛ ازاین‌رو به نظر می­رسد که شاهد عبارت از حالات ذهنی غیرواقع‌نمایِ شناسا است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Defense of Psychologism about the Nature of Evidence

نویسندگان [English]

  • Muhammad Ali Poudineh 1
  • Mansour Nasiri 2
1 Ph.D. Student of Philosophy, Farabi Pardis, University of Tehran
2 Associate Professor, Farabi Pardis, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

One of the important concepts in epistemology is the that of evidence. Evidence is a kind of reason that is indicative of the truth of the proposition that is the object of one’s doxastic attitude. In this paper, we assess the nature of evidence. There are three important views on the nature of evidence: psychologism, factive propositionalism and non-factive propositionalism. After explaining and assessing the arguments for the three views, we come to the conclusion that the arguments for psychologism is stronger than the ones for propositionalism. So, it seems that the evidence is one’s non-factive mental states.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evidence
  • Factive Propositionalism
  • Non-factive Propositionalism
  • psychologism
  • Non-factive Mental States
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