نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار مؤسسۀ پژوهشی حکمت و فلسفۀ ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
For the first time in the history of logic, Afzal al-Din al-Khunaji has found tautologies and contradictories among the verity and actuality propositions. These have been formalized and investigated in First-Order Logic and it has been shown that their perpetual truth requires the assumption of ‘the presupposed existence of non-existence.’ In this paper, I investigate the tautologies in Second-Order Logic and show that there is no need to the aforementioned assumption, and they can be proved as theorems without any assumption in Second-Order Logic. But, the analysis of these tautologies in Second-Order Logic has its shortcomings; for example, the formalization of actuality I-propositions in many cases is contradictory. This shows that the analysis of the tautologies, whether in First- or Second-Order Logic, has shortcomings, which need to be removed.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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