نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشآموختۀ دکترا، گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشکدۀ الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
The primary focus of this research is a critical analysis of Al-Farabi's perspective on "meaning particles" in the Arabic language. The aim is to demonstrate the inadequacy of Farabi's viewpoint through a logical critique of the traditional tripartite classification of words into nouns, verbs, and particles. In his logical treatises, Farabi adopts the conventional threefold division proposed by syntactic scholars, categorizing words into nouns, verbs, and particles according to traditional methods. However, he introduces a novel distinction within the category of particles, excluding certain word types—such as pronouns, demonstrative nouns, conjunctions, interrogative nouns, and incomplete verbs—from the categories of nouns and verbs, instead classifying them as "particles." This research highlights several critical points: Firstly, while Farabi accurately identifies the failure of syntactic scholars to adhere to the rules of definitional logic, effectively challenging them in this regard, he errs in his categorization. Specifically, he mistakenly classifies the aforementioned word types under the category of particles. Secondly, this mistake arises from Farabi's illogical adherence to the rigid framework of the tripartite word classification. By confining words to the categories of nouns, verbs, and particles, Farabi's framework fails to accommodate the complexity of linguistic categories. Thirdly, the widely recognized tripartite classification, whether based on definition or the criterion of "accepting both a predicate and information about it or not," lacks a sound logical foundation and rational constraints. Fourthly, the criterion of "lack of semantic independence" proves inadequate as a distinguishing feature for categorizing "meaning particles" separately from nouns and verbs. In conclusion, these critiques illustrate that to advance Farabi's work, we must move beyond the constraints of the tripartite division and instead propose a new classification system for understanding the structure of language.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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