The journal expects all submitted manuscripts to be original, unpublished works that are not under consideration by any other journal at the time of submission. Simultaneous submission of the same manuscript—or manuscripts with substantially similar content—to more than one journal is considered unethical behavior and is therefore unacceptable.

Nevertheless, certain forms of prior public disclosure are generally permitted and do not preclude consideration for publication, provided that authors maintain full transparency and disclose all prior versions or public presentations at the time of submission.

Acceptable Forms of Prior Publication

The following forms of prior publication are generally acceptable, provided that appropriate disclosure and citation practices are observed:

1.Preprints

Posting a manuscript on a preprint server prior to or concurrently with submission to the journal is permitted and does not constitute prior publication. If the article is accepted, authors are required to update the preprint record by citing the journal, adding the article’s DOI, and linking to the final published version.

2.Theses and Dissertations

Manuscripts that are derived from a master’s thesis or doctoral dissertation are eligible for submission. If the thesis or dissertation has been deposited in a publicly accessible institutional repository, authors must disclose this information at the time of submission. The journal does not require authors to restrict or embargo public access to the thesis while articles derived from it are under review or awaiting publication.

3. Conference Papers and Abstracts

The presentation of an abstract or poster at a conference generally does not affect the manuscript’s eligibility for publication. Similarly, the prior publication of a working paper or a conference paper is usually acceptable, provided that the author has not transferred copyright or granted exclusive publication rights to the conference organizers. When submitting a manuscript based on a conference paper, authors are expected to have substantially expanded and revised the content prior to submission to the journal.

Transparency Requirements

Authors are required to disclose, at the time of submission, full details of any related works that have been previously published, are forthcoming, or are currently under review elsewhere. Such disclosure must be made through clear citation and transparent referencing practices.

This transparency ensures that the complete publication history of the manuscript is properly documented and helps prevent unethical practices such as redundant publication (publishing substantially the same research more than once) and self‑plagiarism (reusing one’s own previously published text without appropriate citation), both of which are considered violations of publication ethics.

To verify compliance with these policies and to ensure the originality of submitted manuscripts, the journal employs similarity‑detection tools, including the Samim Noor system (https://www.samimnoor.ir).