نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشآموختۀ کارشناسی ارشد، گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشکدۀ الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 دانشیار، گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشکدۀ الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The relationship between the attributes and the Divine Essence is one of the most difficult and significant topics in Islamic theology, extensively examined by both theological and philosophical schools. Reconciling the preservation of divine unity (tawḥīd) and simplicity (basāṭah) with the existence of multiple attributes in the Necessary Being poses a profound and far-reaching challenge. In theological discourse, attempts to address this problem have included propositions such as the negation of attributes from the Divine Essence, the addition of attributes to the Divine Essence, and the substitution of the Essence for the attributes. Philosophers, by contrast, proposed the theory of the identity of attributes with the Divine Essence. Although the theory of identity offers clear and rational grounds, its internal complexity—particularly the integration of multiplicity within unity—remained ambiguous prior to Ṣadr al-Muta’allihīn. Transcendent Wisdom (al-Ḥikmah al-Muta‘āliyah), through the introduction of taḥaqquqāt i‘tibāriyyah (mentally abstracted actualizations), brought transformative insights to philosophy, including the resolution of this challenge and the possibility of assimilating multiplicities within a unitary existence. Ṣadr al-Muta’allihīn’s first engagement with the problem of integrating multiplicity into unity is expressed through these ḥaqā’iq i‘tibāriyyah (abstracted realities). He particularly emphasizes this in his discussion of the identity of attributes with the Essence and the Simple Reality (al-basīṭ al-ḥaqīqah), through the notions of the fundamentality of existence (aṣālat al-wujūd) and the abstracted nature of quiddity (i‘tibāriyyat al-māhiyyah). The central aim of this research is to demonstrate how the understanding of i‘tibāriyyah under the category of the reality of quiddity (mawjūdiyyat al-māhiyyah) informs and supports the problem of the identity of attributes with the Essence. By introducing several prominent conceptions of i‘tibāriyyah and explicating the "aspect of negational restriction" (ḥaythiyyat taqyīdiyyah nafyiyyah) and the "aspect of amalgamative restriction" (ḥaythiyyat taqyīdiyyah indimājiyyah), the study shows that only this specific understanding of the abstracted nature of quiddity, as expressed in the preferred conception, generates amalgamative actualizations and provides the necessary foundation for Ṣadr al-Muta’allihīn’s account of the identity of attributes.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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