نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار، گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشکدۀ الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
The theory of predication seeks to explain predicative propositions, each of which rests on certain principles. While these principles account for some propositions, they encounter difficulties in explaining others. Dashtakī refers to two theories of predication within the Islamic philosophical–logical tradition, contending that both are incapable of explaining certain kinds of propositions. In my view, the problematic propositions for these theories can be classified into ten categories, which I call “propositions that the theory of predication cannot explain.” According to Dashtakī, earlier theories of predication attempted to integrate the attributes of the subject or predicate into the theory itself—a move that ultimately undermined their explanatory power. He therefore formulated a new theory of predication, incorporating specific elements to address these challenging propositions. The denial of relationality, the theory of the indeterminacy of the derived term (mushtaq), and a particular reading of the far‘iyya rule—each consistent with his theory of predication—enable him to tackle these issues. Propositions such as al-insān mawjud (“man exists”) are among the most problematic. Accepting relationality (nisba) within the theory of predication leads to an inevitable duality between “man” and “existence” in external reality; the conventional theory of the derived term regards “existence” as abstracted from man only when actual existence is established for him; and the rule known as far‘iyya requires the prior existence of man. In this article, while presenting my interpretation of Dashtakī’s theory and its components, I demonstrate how this theory aims to explain challenging propositions such as al-insān mawjud. In Dashtakī’s view, previous theories of predication suffered from a fundamental flaw: they incorporated the specifics of the subject or predicate into the theoretical framework itself, thereby rendering them unable to account for certain propositions.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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